Laying Asphalt Shingles – When it comes to roofing, asphalt shingles are by far the most popular choice for homeowners across North America and many parts of the world. Their affordability, durability, and wide variety of colors and styles make them a versatile option for residential roofing. However, the success of an asphalt shingle roof depends largely on proper installation. Laying asphalt shingles is not simply about nailing down rows of shingles; it requires careful planning, precise techniques, and an understanding of roofing fundamentals.
This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about laying asphalt shingles—from preparation and materials to installation techniques, safety practices, and long-term maintenance.
Why Choose Asphalt Shingles?
Before diving into the step-by-step process, it’s important to understand why asphalt shingles dominate the roofing industry.
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Cost-Effective – Asphalt shingles offer excellent value compared to other roofing materials like metal, slate, or clay tiles.
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Durability – High-quality shingles can last 20–30 years with proper installation and maintenance.
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Versatility – Available in a wide range of colors, textures, and styles to match different architectural designs.
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Ease of Installation – Easier to install than most alternatives, making them a practical choice for DIY projects.
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Fire and Weather Resistance – Many shingles are rated for wind, hail, and fire resistance, adding extra protection to homes.
Tools and Materials You’ll Need
Before starting, gather the right tools and materials to ensure a smooth installation:
Tools
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Roofing hammer or nail gun
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Utility knife with roofing blades
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Chalk line
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Measuring tape
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Pry bar (for removing old shingles)
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Caulk gun
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Tin snips
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Roofing shovel
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Ladder and roof harness
Materials
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Asphalt shingles (three-tab or architectural style)
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Roofing nails (galvanized, corrosion-resistant)
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Underlayment (felt paper or synthetic)
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Ice and water shield (for valleys and eaves)
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Drip edge flashing
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Starter shingles
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Ridge cap shingles
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Roofing cement
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Ventilation components (ridge vents, soffit vents)
Preparing the Roof Deck
Removing Old Shingles
If replacing an existing roof, start by stripping away old shingles. Use a roofing shovel or pry bar to lift shingles and nails. Proper removal ensures a flat and stable surface for the new installation.
Inspecting the Deck
Check the roof deck for rot, mold, or structural damage. Replace any compromised sections of plywood or OSB (oriented strand board). A strong base is crucial for shingle longevity.
Cleaning and Smoothing
Clear debris, dust, and nails from the roof deck. Any irregularities can cause bulges or reduce shingle adhesion.
Installing Underlayment and Flashing
Drip Edge
Install a drip edge along the eaves before underlayment. This prevents water from seeping under shingles and protects fascia boards.
Ice and Water Shield
Apply this membrane along eaves, valleys, and around roof penetrations. It provides extra protection against ice dams and leaks.
Underlayment
Roll out felt or synthetic underlayment across the roof deck, overlapping edges by 2–4 inches. Fasten securely with cap nails. Underlayment serves as a secondary moisture barrier.
Additional Flashing
Install flashing around chimneys, vents, skylights, and walls where the roof meets vertical surfaces. Proper flashing prevents leaks in vulnerable areas.
Laying Asphalt Shingles: Step-by-Step
Starter Strip
Begin with a starter strip along the eaves. These specialized shingles (or cut tabs from standard shingles) seal the first row and provide wind resistance.
First Course
Lay the first row of shingles directly above the starter strip, ensuring overhang of about 1/4–3/8 inch past the drip edge. Align perfectly for a straight base.
Staggering Joints
To avoid water penetration, stagger shingle joints. Typically, each successive row starts half a tab over from the previous row.
Nailing Technique
Use 4–6 nails per shingle, depending on the manufacturer’s specifications and local wind conditions. Nails should be driven straight, flush with the shingle surface (not overdriven or angled).
Progressing Upward
Work your way up the roof, row by row, maintaining consistent spacing. Snap chalk lines every few rows to ensure straight alignment.
Valleys
In valleys (where two roof planes meet), install shingles using either a closed-cut, woven, or open-valley method, depending on the desired look and water-shedding efficiency.
Hips and Ridges
Cap hips and ridges with specially designed ridge cap shingles or cut shingles. These protect the highest points of the roof and provide a clean finish.
Roof Penetrations
Around vents, chimneys, or skylights, carefully cut shingles to fit and seal with flashing and roofing cement. This step is critical for preventing leaks.
Ventilation and Insulation Considerations
A properly ventilated roof prevents heat buildup, reduces moisture problems, and extends shingle life. Ridge vents combined with soffit vents create effective airflow. In cold climates, adequate attic insulation minimizes ice dams by keeping roof surfaces evenly tempered.
Safety Precautions
Roofing work is inherently dangerous. Keep these safety tips in mind:
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Always wear a safety harness attached to a secure anchor.
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Use a stable ladder and place it on firm ground.
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Avoid working in wet, icy, or windy conditions.
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Wear gloves, non-slip boots, and eye protection.
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Never work alone—having a helper ensures extra safety.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
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Improper Nailing – Overdriven or angled nails can cause shingles to loosen or blow off.
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Skipping Underlayment – This compromises waterproofing and voids manufacturer warranties.
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Poor Ventilation – Without ventilation, shingles can blister, warp, or deteriorate prematurely.
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Incorrect Starter Strip Placement – Missing or misaligned starter shingles allow water infiltration.
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Misaligned Rows – Crooked rows reduce curb appeal and water-shedding efficiency.
Costs and Labor Considerations
The cost of laying asphalt shingles varies by region, roof size, and shingle type.
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Materials: $90–$150 per square (100 sq. ft.) for standard three-tab shingles; $120–$200 per square for architectural shingles.
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Labor: Professional installation adds $150–$300 per square, depending on roof complexity and contractor rates.
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Total Average Cost: $5,000–$12,000 for a typical residential roof replacement.
DIY installation can save thousands, but homeowners must weigh risks, time, and skill requirements against potential savings.
Maintenance After Installation
To maximize the lifespan of an asphalt shingle roof:
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Inspect Annually: Check for missing, curling, or damaged shingles.
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Clean Debris: Remove leaves, branches, and moss to prevent water pooling.
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Gutter Maintenance: Keep gutters clear to ensure proper drainage.
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Check Flashing: Look for gaps or corrosion around chimneys and vents.
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Prompt Repairs: Address small issues quickly to avoid costly damage.
Advantages of Professional Installation
While many homeowners attempt DIY roofing, hiring a professional offers several benefits:
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Expertise ensures proper installation techniques.
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Contractors typically provide labor warranties.
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Professionals complete the project faster and more safely.
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They have access to specialized tools and bulk material pricing.
Conclusion
Laying asphalt shingles is a rewarding but demanding project. With the right preparation, tools, and techniques, a homeowner can successfully install a durable, attractive roof that protects their investment for decades. However, given the safety risks and precision required, many opt to hire professionals for peace of mind.
Whether you decide to go the DIY route or hire a contractor, understanding the process of laying asphalt shingles helps you make informed decisions, monitor installation quality, and maintain your roof for years to come. Asphalt shingles remain one of the most cost-effective, practical, and stylish roofing solutions available today.